Individual,
Family, and Community
Introduction
Humans
are creatures that live in groups and have limited appeal organisms other kinds
of creatures of God's creation. To overcome the limitations of the
organizational capacity, humans develop systems in his life through his mind as
the ability of livelihood systems, system equipment life and others. In life
since birth, the man has to know and relate to other human beings. If humans
were living alone, for example, in a closed room without dealing with other
humans, then clearly his soul will be disturbed.
Human
instinct to always live and relate to others is called
"gregariousness" and therefore man is called a social being. With the
existence of this instinct, humans develop knowledge to cope with life and give
meaning to life, causing what we know as culture is an integrated system of
human behavior in interacting with its environment. Thus human beings known as
cultured as it serves as a shaper of culture, as well as to act as driven by
passion or desire in man, namely:
1.
Fused with another human being different surrounding
2.
Blends with the surrounding atmosphere
All
of it can be seen from the reaction given by man against nature is sometimes
cruel and friendly to them. Man is essentially social beings, cannot live
alone. He is "Soon Politikon", the man is a creature that walked,
interact. The developments of these conditions cause human entities, social
groups in the form of the family, and society. Then there was a system known as
the social system or social organization that governs their lives, meet their
needs.
Human
Beings as Individual
Individuals
derived from the Latin word "individuum" means undivided, and then
the word individual is a designation that can be used to express a unity most
small and limited. The word does not mean that the human individual as an
indivisible whole, but as a finite entity that is as individual human beings.
Individual terms in relation to the discussion of the family and human society,
can also be interpreted as a human being.
In
view of social psychology, the human individual is called when a specific
pattern of behavior itself and no longer follows the general pattern of
behavior. This means that the individual is a man who not only has distinctive
roles in the social environment, but also has a personality as well as his
specific behavior patterns. In a crowd humans tend to get rid of his
individuality, because the behavior of the display is almost identical to the
behavior of the masses.
In
the development of each individual experience and imposed a variety of roles,
which is derived from the conditions of living together with fellow human
beings. Often there is also a conflict within the individual, because the
typical behavior itself at odds with the role of the community demanded. But
every citizen whose name is a reasonable individual to adjust his behavior as
part of the social behavior of people. Success in adjusting or portray
themselves as individuals and as citizens of the society section gives the
connotation of "maang" in a social sense. This means that the
individual has to find his personality or in other words the process of
actualizing itself as a part of the environment has been formed.
Individual
Growth
Normal
human development and normal to go through a process of growth and development
of the inner and outer. In the sense that the individual or the human person is
the whole soul which has its own distinctive characteristics. Although there
are differences of opinion among experts, but it is recognized that growth is a
change that is moving towards a more advanced, more mature. Arise various
opinions from various streams of growth. According to experts who follow the
flow of the association argues, that growth is essentially a process of
association. In association whose primary process are parts. The parts are
there first, while overall there is the later. These parts are bonded to each
other into a whole association. Can be formulated an understanding of the
association process is a change in a person step by step because of the mutual
influence of the outside through the experience or empirical sensuous pose sensations
and experience in recognizing their own inner state that causes sensation.
According to Gestalt
psychology flow growth is the process of differentiation. In the process of
differentiation that the whole subject is being parts only has meaning as part
of the overall functional relationship with the other parts. So according to
this whole process came first, then the following parts. It can be concluded
that this growth is the process of gradual change in humans in recognizing a
previously know something whole new then familiar with the parts of the
existing environment.
The concept of flow sociology of growth assumes that
growth is a process of socialization is the process of change from the original
nature asocial or social well socialized later stage by stage.
Factors affecting
growth:
1.
Establishment Nativistic.
According
to experts of this group found that growth is solely determined by factors
inborn.
2.
Establishment Empiristic and Environmentalistic.
This
establishment nativistic contrary to the opinion, they assume that the
individual growth depends solely on the basis of the environment being no role
at all.
3.
Establishment of convergence and interactionism.
This
stream is found between the base and environmental interactions can determine
individual growth.
Individual growth phase
based on psychology
1. Period vital that,
from age 0.0 to about 2 years.
2. The aesthetic of the
age of approximately 2 years to about 7 years.
3. The period of
intellectual approximately 7 years to about 13 years or 14 years.
4. The period of
social, approximately age 13 or 14 years until approximately 20-21 years.
Family
and Function in Human Life
The family is the
smallest unit of society which is also a small group in society. The group is
in conjunction with the development of the individual is often known as the
primary group. This group gave birth to individuals with various forms of
personality in society.
The family is a
universal phenomenon that is found everywhere in the world. As a universal
phenomenon, the family has four characteristics that give clarity about the
concept of family.
1. The family is
composed of people who are united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption. That
bind husband and wife is marriage. Which unites parents and children are
related by blood (usually) and sometimes coral adoption.
2. The members of a
family usually live together in one house, and they form a household, sometimes
a household that consists of a married couple without children, or with one or
two children.
3. The family is a
unity of people who interact and communicate with each other, which plays the
role of husband and wife, father and mother, son and daughter.
4. The family maintains
a common culture largely derived from the wider public culture.
In its most basic form
a family consisting of a man and a woman, and coupled with their children who
are unmarried, usually live in one house, in anthropology called nuclear
family. One family can also translate into a spacious family with the addition
of a number of others, whether relatives or not, who live together in one house
ladder with the nuclear family. Emile Durkheim argued about the sociology of
the family in his work: Introduction a la sociology de la famile (major Polak,
1979: 331). Sourced from this work the term: Conjugal family, the family in a
monogamous marriage, consisting of father, mother, and children. Conjugal
families often also called nuclear family or nuclear family. Koentjaraningrat
distinguish three kinds of extended family based on its shape:
1. Extended family
utrolocal, based indigenous utrolocal, composed of senior nuclear family with
nuclear families boys and girls.
2. Extended family
viriolocal, indigenous Based viriolocal, consisting of a senior nuclear family
with the nuclear families of the boys.
3. Extended family
uxorilocal, based indigenous uxorilocal, consisting of a senior nuclear family
with nuclear families daughters.
In
the family we often see their jobs to be done. A work to be done it is usually
called the function. Family functioning is a work to be carried out within or
by the family. Various functions of the family are:
1. Biological Function
2. Function maintenance
3. The economic
function
4. The religious
function
5. Social Function
A
Society of Human Life Elements
Society
is a term that we are familiar in everyday life; there are urban, rural
communities, the scientific community, and others. In English society used the
term derived from the Latin word socius, which means "friend"
communities term itself comes from the root of the Arabic word that Syaraka
which means "to participate, participate". Peter L. Berger, a
sociologist give society the following definition: "Society is a whole
vast complex nature of human relationships." Koentjaraningrat in his
writing stated that the community is a group of people or the unity of human
life which interact according to a certain customs system that is continuous,
and are bound by a sense of shared identity. In social psychology is expressed
as a group of people in a life together and with insight collective life, which
indicates the regularity of behavior of its citizens to meet the needs and
interests of each. Given the fact the field, a community can be a tribe; it
could be from a variety of ethnic backgrounds.
In
the development and growth of society can be classified into:
1.
Community Simple
In
simple societies (primitive) patterns of division of labor tends to be
differentiated according to gender. The division of labor by sex seems to stem
from the starting of the background of the weakness and physical abilities
between a woman and a man in the face of challenges when the wild nature.
2.
Forward Society
Advanced
society has a variety of social groups, or better known as the group of
community organizations grow and evolve based on the needs and specific
objectives to be achieved. In advanced societies, can be distinguished:
a.
Non-industrial Society.
Broadly
speaking, this group can be classified into the cave groups, namely the group
of primary and secondary groups. In the primary group, the interaction between
members occur more intensive, more closely, more familiar. This group is called
the group of face-to-face interaction group. The nature of the interactions is
based on the character of kinship and sympathy. The division of labor or the
division of labor in this group is focused on awareness, responsibility and
ongoing members on the basis of sympathy and voluntarily. In the secondary
group adrift indirect relationship to each other, formal, less also is
familial. Therefore, the nature of the interaction, the division of labor,
organized on the basis of objective rational considerations. The members accept
the division of labor on the basis of ability or specific expertise, in
addition to required specific targets and objectives that have been determined.
b.
Industrial Society.
Examples:
baker, shoemaker, turner, and a welder.
Source:
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